Pile Height and Texture
The pile height of a traditional oriental rug is typically around 8 to 12 mm. Silk rugs and vintage-style carpets are usually low-pile or even shaved down to the foundation, giving them a unique, worn look. In contrast, Gabbeh rugs feature a thick, plush pile ranging from 15 to 25 mm. Low-pile rugs like Ziegler are ideal for dining areas, as chairs glide easily and cleaning is more convenient.
Knot Density and Detail
Knot density is a key indicator of a rug’s quality. Standard oriental rugs have between 200,000 and 500,000 knots per square meter. Finer pieces, especially Persian silk rugs, can exceed one million knots. Higher knot counts allow for greater precision and more intricate designs.
Shapes and Sizes
Most oriental rugs are rectangular, as they are woven on rectangular looms. Round rugs are rare and technically complex—they are knotted on a rectangular base and later shaped by skilled artisans. Square and runner formats are also gaining popularity in modern interiors.
Coloration and Dyeing
The vibrant colors of oriental rugs have traditionally been created using natural dyes from plants, minerals, and roots—such as indigo, madder root, or walnut shells. In Iran, it remains legally required to use at least some natural dyes in authentic hand-knotted rugs. Common colors include cream, red, blue, beige, green, and brown—each associated with specific regions and design styles.
Wool Quality and Yarn Selection
Sheep’s wool is the most essential material in oriental rug production. Its quality directly influences the rug’s durability, softness, and color brilliance. High-grade wool results in richer hues, greater resistance to wear, and a more pleasant texture underfoot. Well-made wool rugs can last for generations when properly cared for.
Fringes – Functional and Decorative
The fringes on an oriental rug are not merely decorative—they are the ends of the warp threads onto which the rug is knotted. These fringes are an integral part of the rug’s structure. While long fringes were common in the past, modern rugs tend to feature shorter or more subtle ones. They can also be trimmed, sewn, or removed upon request.
Borders – Framing the Design
Every genuine oriental rug includes a border that frames and completes the central field. Far more than a visual boundary, the border enhances the overall composition and balances the design. Often composed of smaller motifs and repeat patterns, the border plays a critical role in the rug’s visual harmony and structure.